情态动词习题精讲(第11章课后练习)|课堂笔记整理成可发布博客
说明:本文根据课堂音频转写整理而成,尽量完整保留老师讲到的每一个知识点与每一道题。个别句子在音频中出现吞字/连读,本文在不改变原意的前提下做了轻微的断句与排版优化;如某题的题干/选项在音频中未完整读出,文中将以“(音频未读全)”标注,避免擅自补题。
目录
展开:题目索引(1—35,含考点)
1. must have done:对过去… | 2. can't:否定推测(不可能) | 3. should:征求建议/应不应该 | 4. should have done:过…
5. must:强推断(有证据) | 6. needn't:不必/不需要 | 7. should:应当/义务(语气选择) | 8. shall not:警告语气
9. 情景交际:电话用语回应 | 10. should have done:过… | 11. 否定词置前倒装 + can/coul… | 12. Can't I...?:反问式请求
13. if you must know:m… | 14. shall:正式规定/法律语体 | 15. must:规定/必须(客观要求) | 16. can't:否定推断(区分mustn…
17. can:功能/能力(定义句) | 18. can:能力质疑(How can..… | 19. should:按理/合理推测 | 20. shall:公告/规定用法
21. 虚拟语气:对过去 if + had … | 22. shouldn't have don… | 23. might:不确定的可能 | 24. can't:不能(客观原因)
25. could have done:过去… | 26. should:对将来时间的预计 | 27. was able to:一次性成功做… | 28. mustn't:禁止/不准
29. 虚拟语气:对过去 if + had … | 30. 虚拟语气:as if + were(… | 31. couldn't have been… | 32. should:临近时间的推测
33. Shall I...? 常用回答:n… | 34. should have done:过… | 35. 虚拟语气:had done ↔ wo…
一、这节课到底在考什么?(情态动词高频考法地图)
这套练习题主要围绕情态动词的这些核心考点反复出题:
- 推测/判断(语气强弱 + 时间指向)
- 对现在/将来推测:
must + 动词原形(一定……) - 对过去推测:
must have done(一定已经……) - 否定推测:
can't / couldn't(不可能……) - 可能性较弱的推测:
may / might / could(可能……)
- 对现在/将来推测:
- “本该/不该”类:should (not) have done / could have done
should have done:过去本该做但没做shouldn't have done:过去本不该做但做了could have done:过去本可以做但没做(强调“有能力/有条件”)
- 义务、禁止与不必(最容易混)
must:必须(义务/规定)mustn't:禁止/不准(不是“推测的一定不”!)needn't:不必/不需要
- shall 的两大考法:警告 + 正式规定/命令
- 口语场景:
shall (not)可以带警告语气 - 正式/法律/公告语体:
shall= 规定/命令(非常“书面/正式”)
- 口语场景:
- 做题技巧(课堂特别强调)
- 四个选项里若出现两个选项含义/用法几乎一样(如
might与could都表示可能),常常可以推断它们是干扰项;正确答案更可能在语气对立的选项里。
- 四个选项里若出现两个选项含义/用法几乎一样(如
二、重要知识点速查表(边做题边复盘)
| 功能 | 常见结构 | 典型含义/语气 | 课堂对应题号 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 对现在/将来推测 | must + do |
一定……(强) | 1(对比讲解)、11 |
| 对过去推测 | must have done |
一定已经……(强) | 1 |
| 否定推测 | can't be / can't have done |
不可能…… | 2、16、31 |
| 可能推测 | may / might / could |
可能……(弱) | 5、23 |
| 过去本该未做 | should have done |
本该……却没…… | 4、10 |
| 过去本不该做却做了 | shouldn't have done |
本不该……却…… | 22 |
| 过去本可以但没做 | could have done |
本可以……但没…… | 25 |
| 不必 | needn't |
不需要/不必 | 6、33 |
| 禁止 | mustn't |
禁止/不准 | 2(排除)、28 |
| 警告/命令(shall) | shall (not) |
警告/规定/命令(正式) | 8、14、20 |
| 否定副词置前倒装 | Nowhere/never... + can/could + 主语 + 动词 |
语法结构考点 | 11 |
三、逐题精讲(1—35题,按课堂顺序整理)
排版说明:每题尽量保留老师讲解中出现的题干、选项信息、关键词翻译与解题逻辑。
题1|must have done:对过去推测
题干(课堂转写):
I have lost one of my glove(s)… I … somewhere.
词汇点:
glove手套;手套通常成双出现,所以常用复数gloves。drop掉下/丢下。
选项(课堂提到):must drop / must have dropped / must be dropping / must have been dropped
解题关键:
- 这里是“推断”:我一定把一只手套丢在某个地方。
- 判断推断的时间:题干用 现在完成时
I have lost,表示“过去发生 → 对现在造成影响”,因此推断指向过去。
答案:
must have dropped(对过去推测:must have done)
考点总结:
- 对过去推测:
must have done。 - 对现在/将来推测:
must + 动词原形(老师顺带对比说明)。
题2|can't:否定推测(不可能)
题干(课堂转写):
You … be tired. You've only been working for an hour.
解题关键:
only表示“仅仅/才”,语气很强:你才工作一小时,不可能累。mustn't表示“禁止”,不能理解成“你一定不……”。won't是将来否定,不合语境。may not语气太弱(可能不累),但题干强调“only”,更强。
答案:
can't be tired
考点总结:
can't在推断里表示“不可能”。mustn't= 禁止/不准(高频陷阱)。
题3|should:征求建议/应不应该
题干(课堂转写):
I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I … report(ed) to the police?
词汇点:
reportv. 举报/报告;n. 报告(如scientific report实验/科研报告)。
解题关键:
- 语境是“征求建议/应不应该”:更贴近
should。 can虽语法可行,但语义“可以吗”不如“该不该”贴切。
答案:
should
考点总结:
- 表“建议/应当”:
should。
题4|should have done:过去本该未做
题干(课堂转写):
Mr. White … at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.
词汇点:
show up出现。arrive到达。
解题关键:
- “本应该来但没来”:过去本该做却没做。
答案:
should have arrived
考点总结:
should have done:过去本该做但没做。
题5|must:强推断(有证据)
题干(课堂转写):
Tom graduated from college at a very young age. He … have been a very smart boy then.
解题关键:
- 仍是推断(根据“很年轻就大学毕业”这一证据)。
could / might都是“可能”,概率较低;课堂强调:当两个选项用法几乎一致时,往往都是干扰项。- 有明确证据 → 倾向“强推断”:一定很聪明。
答案:
must have been(课堂口径:选“4D”)
考点总结:
- 有“事实证据”时,推断语气可更强:
must。 - 做题技巧:重复含义选项常为干扰。
题6|needn't:不必/不需要
题干(课堂转写):
I don't mind telling you what I know. You … . I'm not asking you for it.
词汇点:
mind doing介意做某事(固定搭配)。
解题关键:
- 语境是“你不必告诉我,因为我没问”。
答案:
needn't(课堂口径:选“4D”)
考点总结:
needn't:不必/不需要。
题7|should:应当/义务(语气选择)
题干(课堂转写):
I … pay Tracy a visit, but I'm not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
词汇点:
pay sb a visit拜访某人。be sure确定。
解题关键:
- 句子想表达“我应该去拜访,但不确定有没有时间”。
might/could都偏“可能”,且两者用法接近,课堂建议可排除。would是will过去式,不合。
答案:
should
题8|shall not:警告语气
题干(课堂转写):
Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You … have my computer if you don't take care of it.
词汇点:
take care of照顾/爱护。
解题关键:
- 这是“警告”语气:如果你不好好爱护,就别用。
shall可用于警告(课堂强调点)。
答案:
shall not(课堂口径:选“A”)
补充:课堂提到 shall not 有缩写形式(音频中提及“课堂没讲过,可补充”)。
题9|情景交际:电话用语回应
题干(课堂转写):
—No, I'm afraid he isn't in. This is his secretary speaking. —…
表达点:
This is ... speaking.:电话用语,“我是……(在接电话)”。- 电话里
this指接电话的人,that指电话那头的人(课堂口径)。
解题关键:
- 语境:想找人但对方不在 → 回应“真可惜”。
答案:
Oh, that's a pity.(课堂口径:选“B”)
词组补充:
look forward to doing期待做……hear from sb收到某人来信/消息
题10|should have done:过去本该未做
题干(课堂转写):
I will tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You … tell her last week.
解题关键:
- “上周本该告诉她(但没告诉)”。
答案:
should have told(课堂口径:选“4D”)
题11|否定词置前倒装 + can/could
题干(课堂转写):
Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else … such a beautiful palace.
词汇点:
palace宫殿。such a/an + 形容词 + 名词:如此……的……
语法点(重点):
nowhere/never/hardly/scarcely/not until...等否定词置于句首 → 部分倒装:把can/could等助动词/情态动词放到主语前。- 结构示例:
Nowhere else can you find ...
- 结构示例:
解题关键:
- 排除不倒装的选项后,
can与could比语气:这里是“非常肯定、直接”,不用委婉。
答案:
can(课堂口径:选“A”)
题12|Can't I...?:反问式请求
题干(课堂转写):
Mom, I've been studying English since 8 o'clock. … I go out and play with Tom for a while?
解题关键:
- 这是请求/反问的常用说法:
Can't I ...?= “难道我不可以……吗?” - 回答给了拒绝理由:
No, I'm afraid not. Besides, it's raining outside now.
答案:
Can't(课堂口径:选“A”)
句型总结:
Can't I do something?:难道我不可以……吗?(反问式请求)
题13|if you must know:must固定表达
题干(课堂转写):
Who is the girl standing over there? —Well, if you … know, her name is Mabel.
解题关键:
- 语气是“如果你一定/非要知道的话”。
答案:
must(课堂口径:选“C”,即“if you must know”)
题14|shall:正式规定/法律语体
题干(课堂转写):
The interest … be divided into 5 parts according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge.
词汇点:
interest除“兴趣”外,还可指“利息/利益”。agreement协议。declared the judge法官宣布。
解题关键:
- 通过
judge / agreement / declared等词判断:语体非常正式(法律/条文/宣告)。 - 正式规定/命令常用
shall。
答案:
shall(课堂口径:选“4D”)
题15|must:规定/必须(客观要求)
题干(课堂转写):
Children under 12 years of age in that country … be under adult supervision when in a public library.
词汇点:
adult supervision成年人监护/监督。
解题关键:
- 这是“规定/必须”的客观要求。
need太主观;选must。
答案:
must(课堂口径:选“A”)
题16|can't:否定推断(区分mustn't)
题干(课堂转写):
Isn't that Anne's husband over there? —No, it … be him. I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.
解题关键:
- 否定推断:不可能是他。
must not不能表示“推断的一定不”,它是“禁止”。
答案:
can't(课堂口径:选“A”)
题17|can:功能/能力(定义句)
题干(课堂转写):
A left luggage office is a place where bags … be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
词汇点:
left luggage office行李寄存处。railway station火车站。
解题关键:
- 句子强调“能力/功能”:包可以被暂存。
答案:
can(课堂口径:选“B”)
题18|can:能力质疑(How can...?)
题干(课堂转写):
How come you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
解题关键:
- 仍是“能力”提问:你怎么能说你理解了全部?
答案:
can(课堂口径:选“A”)
题19|should:按理/合理推测
题干(课堂转写):
Is John coming by train? He … , but he is not. He likes driving his car.
解题关键:
- 语气是推测:“他应该(按理)坐火车来,但他喜欢开车,所以可能没坐火车”。
答案:
should(课堂口径:选“C”)
题20|shall:公告/规定用法
题干(课堂转写):
It has been announced that candidates … remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
场景:考试收卷公告。
解题关键:
- 公告/规定语体:
shall。
答案:
shall(课堂口径:选“4D”)
题21|虚拟语气:对过去 if + had done(虚拟语气:课堂“简单带过”)
题干(课堂转写):
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I … in love at the age of 7 with the library in my hometown.
解题关键:
at the age of 7指过去 → 对过去虚拟:if + had done。
答案:
had not fallen(课堂口径:选“B”)
题22|shouldn't have done:过去本不该却做了
题干(课堂转写):
I was really anxious about you. You … without a word.
解题关键:
shouldn't have done:过去本不该做却做了。
答案:
shouldn't have left(课堂口径:选“B”)
题23|might:不确定的可能
题干(课堂转写):
Are you coming to Jeff's party? —I'm not sure. I … go to the concert instead.
解题关键:
- “不确定” → 可能:
might。
答案:
might
题24|can't:不能(客观原因)
题干(课堂转写):
Will you stay for lunch? —Sorry, … . My brother is coming to see me.
解题关键:
- 语境是“不能留下”。
答案:
can't(课堂口径:选“B”)
题25|could have done:过去本可以未做
题干(课堂转写):
I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Did you? You … with Barbara.
解题关键:
could have done:过去本可以……但没……(所以才住酒店)。
答案:
could have stayed(课堂口径:选“A”)
题26|should:对将来时间的预计
题干(课堂转写):
When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They … be ready by 12.
解题关键:
- 对将来时间点的合理判断:
should be ready。
答案:
should(课堂口径:选“B”)
题27|was able to:一次性成功做到
题干(课堂转写):
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone … get out.
词汇点:
spread蔓延。was able to强调“这一次成功做到了”(一次性成功的能力体现)。
解题关键:
- 这里更像描述事实结果:最终都成功出来了 →
was able to。
答案:
was able to(课堂口径:选“4D”)
题28|mustn't:禁止/不准
题干(课堂转写):
Joanie, you … play with (a) knife. You … hurt yourself.
解题关键:
- 明确“禁止”:不准玩刀。
答案:
mustn't(课堂口径:选“B”)
题29|虚拟语气:对过去 if + had done(虚拟语气)
题干(课堂转写):
You didn't let me drive. If we … (take turns), you … so tired.
解题关键:
didn't指过去事实 → 对过去虚拟:if + had done。
答案:
had driven(课堂口径:选“4D”)
题30|虚拟语气:as if + were(对现在虚拟)(虚拟语气)
题干(课堂转写):
When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it … broken.
解题关键:
- 一般现象/对现在虚拟:
as if + were(课堂口径)。
答案:
were(课堂口径:选“C”:it were broken)
题31|couldn't have been:对过去否定推测
题干(课堂转写):
There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It … a comfortable journey.
词汇点:
manage to do设法做成某事。
解题关键:
- 对过去推断的否定:不可能很舒服。
答案:
couldn't have been(课堂口径:选“4D”)
题32|should:临近时间的推测
题干(课堂转写):
It's nearly 7 o'clock. Jack … be here at any moment.
解题关键:
- 合理推测:应该随时到。
答案:
should(课堂口径:选“C”)
题33|Shall I...? 常用回答:needn't
题干(课堂转写):
Shall I tell Joan about it? —No, you … .
课堂强调:
Shall I ...?的常见回答:You needn't.(固定搭配口径)
答案:
needn't(课堂口径:选“A”)
题34|should have done:过去本该未做
题干(课堂转写):
I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I … for her.
解题关键:
- 语境是“本该写下来但没写”。
答案:
should have written(课堂口径:选“C”)
题35|虚拟语气:had done ↔ would have done(虚拟语气)
题干(课堂转写):
I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she … , she would have met my brother.
解题关键:
- 出现
would have done→ 对过去虚拟:从句用had done。
答案:
had come(课堂口径:选“C”)
四、这套题最值得背下来的“口径”
- must have done:对过去的强推测(题1)。
- can't be / can't have done:否定推测 = 不可能(题2/16/31)。
- mustn't:一律优先记作“禁止/不准”,不要当成“一定不”(题2/16/28反复强调)。
- should have done / shouldn't have done:本该未做 / 本不该却做(题4/10/22/34)。
- needn't:不必(题6/33)。
- shall:
- 口语警告(题8);
- 正式规定/条文/公告(题14/20)。
- 否定词置前倒装:
Nowhere/never... + can/could + 主语 + 动词(题11)。 - 做题技巧:选项里出现两个“几乎同义同用”的(如
might与could),要警惕它们是干扰项(题5/7)。
五、结语
以上就是第11章课后练习(1—35题)的课堂精讲整理。建议复习时按“功能”而不是按“单词”背:先把推测时间线(现在/过去)、should/could have done、mustn't vs can't、shall 的正式用法这几条主线吃透,再刷题会非常快。
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