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英语课堂:情态动词习题详解

情态动词习题精讲(第11章课后练习)|课堂笔记整理成可发布博客

说明:本文根据课堂音频转写整理而成,尽量完整保留老师讲到的每一个知识点与每一道题。个别句子在音频中出现吞字/连读,本文在不改变原意的前提下做了轻微的断句与排版优化;如某题的题干/选项在音频中未完整读出,文中将以“(音频未读全)”标注,避免擅自补题。


目录

展开:题目索引(1—35,含考点)

1. must have done:对过去… | 2. can't:否定推测(不可能) | 3. should:征求建议/应不应该 | 4. should have done:过…
5. must:强推断(有证据) | 6. needn't:不必/不需要 | 7. should:应当/义务(语气选择) | 8. shall not:警告语气
9. 情景交际:电话用语回应 | 10. should have done:过… | 11. 否定词置前倒装 + can/coul… | 12. Can't I...?:反问式请求
13. if you must know:m… | 14. shall:正式规定/法律语体 | 15. must:规定/必须(客观要求) | 16. can't:否定推断(区分mustn…
17. can:功能/能力(定义句) | 18. can:能力质疑(How can..… | 19. should:按理/合理推测 | 20. shall:公告/规定用法
21. 虚拟语气:对过去 if + had … | 22. shouldn't have don… | 23. might:不确定的可能 | 24. can't:不能(客观原因)
25. could have done:过去… | 26. should:对将来时间的预计 | 27. was able to:一次性成功做… | 28. mustn't:禁止/不准
29. 虚拟语气:对过去 if + had … | 30. 虚拟语气:as if + were(… | 31. couldn't have been… | 32. should:临近时间的推测
33. Shall I...? 常用回答:n… | 34. should have done:过… | 35. 虚拟语气:had done ↔ wo…


一、这节课到底在考什么?(情态动词高频考法地图)

这套练习题主要围绕情态动词的这些核心考点反复出题:

  1. 推测/判断(语气强弱 + 时间指向)
    • 对现在/将来推测:must + 动词原形(一定……)
    • 对过去推测:must have done(一定已经……)
    • 否定推测:can't / couldn't(不可能……)
    • 可能性较弱的推测:may / might / could(可能……)
  2. “本该/不该”类:should (not) have done / could have done
    • should have done:过去本该做没做
    • shouldn't have done:过去本不该做做了
    • could have done:过去本可以做没做(强调“有能力/有条件”)
  3. 义务、禁止与不必(最容易混)
    • must:必须(义务/规定)
    • mustn't禁止/不准(不是“推测的一定不”!)
    • needn't:不必/不需要
  4. shall 的两大考法:警告 + 正式规定/命令
    • 口语场景:shall (not) 可以带警告语气
    • 正式/法律/公告语体:shall = 规定/命令(非常“书面/正式”)
  5. 做题技巧(课堂特别强调)
    • 四个选项里若出现两个选项含义/用法几乎一样(如 mightcould 都表示可能),常常可以推断它们是干扰项;正确答案更可能在语气对立的选项里。

二、重要知识点速查表(边做题边复盘)

功能 常见结构 典型含义/语气 课堂对应题号
对现在/将来推测 must + do 一定……(强) 1(对比讲解)、11
对过去推测 must have done 一定已经……(强) 1
否定推测 can't be / can't have done 不可能…… 2、16、31
可能推测 may / might / could 可能……(弱) 5、23
过去本该未做 should have done 本该……却没…… 4、10
过去本不该做却做了 shouldn't have done 本不该……却…… 22
过去本可以但没做 could have done 本可以……但没…… 25
不必 needn't 不需要/不必 6、33
禁止 mustn't 禁止/不准 2(排除)、28
警告/命令(shall) shall (not) 警告/规定/命令(正式) 8、14、20
否定副词置前倒装 Nowhere/never... + can/could + 主语 + 动词 语法结构考点 11

三、逐题精讲(1—35题,按课堂顺序整理)

排版说明:每题尽量保留老师讲解中出现的题干、选项信息、关键词翻译与解题逻辑。

题1|must have done:对过去推测

题干(课堂转写)

I have lost one of my glove(s)… I … somewhere.

词汇点

  • glove 手套;手套通常成双出现,所以常用复数 gloves
  • drop 掉下/丢下。

选项(课堂提到)must drop / must have dropped / must be dropping / must have been dropped

解题关键

  • 这里是“推断”:我一定把一只手套丢在某个地方。
  • 判断推断的时间:题干用 现在完成时 I have lost,表示“过去发生 → 对现在造成影响”,因此推断指向过去

答案: must have dropped(对过去推测:must have done

考点总结

  • 对过去推测:must have done
  • 对现在/将来推测:must + 动词原形(老师顺带对比说明)。

题2|can't:否定推测(不可能)

题干(课堂转写)

You … be tired. You've only been working for an hour.

解题关键

  • only 表示“仅仅/才”,语气很强:你才工作一小时,不可能累。
  • mustn't 表示“禁止”,不能理解成“你一定不……”。
  • won't 是将来否定,不合语境。
  • may not 语气太弱(可能不累),但题干强调“only”,更强。

答案: can't be tired

考点总结

  • can't 在推断里表示“不可能”。
  • mustn't = 禁止/不准(高频陷阱)。

题3|should:征求建议/应不应该

题干(课堂转写)

I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I … report(ed) to the police?

词汇点

  • report v. 举报/报告;n. 报告(如 scientific report 实验/科研报告)。

解题关键

  • 语境是“征求建议/应不应该”:更贴近 should
  • can 虽语法可行,但语义“可以吗”不如“该不该”贴切。

答案: should

考点总结

  • 表“建议/应当”:should

题4|should have done:过去本该未做

题干(课堂转写)

Mr. White … at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up.

词汇点

  • show up 出现。
  • arrive 到达。

解题关键

  • “本应该来但没来”:过去本该做却没做

答案: should have arrived

考点总结

  • should have done:过去本该做但没做。

题5|must:强推断(有证据)

题干(课堂转写)

Tom graduated from college at a very young age. He … have been a very smart boy then.

解题关键

  • 仍是推断(根据“很年轻就大学毕业”这一证据)。
  • could / might 都是“可能”,概率较低;课堂强调:当两个选项用法几乎一致时,往往都是干扰项。
  • 有明确证据 → 倾向“强推断”:一定很聪明。

答案: must have been(课堂口径:选“4D”)

考点总结

  • 有“事实证据”时,推断语气可更强:must
  • 做题技巧:重复含义选项常为干扰。

题6|needn't:不必/不需要

题干(课堂转写)

I don't mind telling you what I know. You … . I'm not asking you for it.

词汇点

  • mind doing 介意做某事(固定搭配)。

解题关键

  • 语境是“你不必告诉我,因为我没问”。

答案: needn't(课堂口径:选“4D”)

考点总结

  • needn't:不必/不需要。

题7|should:应当/义务(语气选择)

题干(课堂转写)

I … pay Tracy a visit, but I'm not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.

词汇点

  • pay sb a visit 拜访某人。
  • be sure 确定。

解题关键

  • 句子想表达“我应该去拜访,但不确定有没有时间”。
  • might/could 都偏“可能”,且两者用法接近,课堂建议可排除。
  • wouldwill 过去式,不合。

答案: should


题8|shall not:警告语气

题干(课堂转写)

Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You … have my computer if you don't take care of it.

词汇点

  • take care of 照顾/爱护。

解题关键

  • 这是“警告”语气:如果你不好好爱护,就别用。
  • shall 可用于警告(课堂强调点)。

答案: shall not(课堂口径:选“A”)

补充:课堂提到 shall not 有缩写形式(音频中提及“课堂没讲过,可补充”)。


题9|情景交际:电话用语回应

题干(课堂转写)

—No, I'm afraid he isn't in. This is his secretary speaking. —…

表达点

  • This is ... speaking.:电话用语,“我是……(在接电话)”。
  • 电话里 this 指接电话的人,that 指电话那头的人(课堂口径)。

解题关键

  • 语境:想找人但对方不在 → 回应“真可惜”。

答案: Oh, that's a pity.(课堂口径:选“B”)

词组补充

  • look forward to doing 期待做……
  • hear from sb 收到某人来信/消息

题10|should have done:过去本该未做

题干(课堂转写)

I will tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You … tell her last week.

解题关键

  • “上周本该告诉她(但没告诉)”。

答案: should have told(课堂口径:选“4D”)


题11|否定词置前倒装 + can/could

题干(课堂转写)

Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else … such a beautiful palace.

词汇点

  • palace 宫殿。
  • such a/an + 形容词 + 名词:如此……的……

语法点(重点)

  • nowhere/never/hardly/scarcely/not until... 等否定词置于句首 → 部分倒装:把 can/could 等助动词/情态动词放到主语前。
    • 结构示例:Nowhere else can you find ...

解题关键

  • 排除不倒装的选项后,cancould 比语气:这里是“非常肯定、直接”,不用委婉。

答案: can(课堂口径:选“A”)


题12|Can't I...?:反问式请求

题干(课堂转写)

Mom, I've been studying English since 8 o'clock. … I go out and play with Tom for a while?

解题关键

  • 这是请求/反问的常用说法:Can't I ...? = “难道我不可以……吗?”
  • 回答给了拒绝理由:No, I'm afraid not. Besides, it's raining outside now.

答案: Can't(课堂口径:选“A”)

句型总结

  • Can't I do something?:难道我不可以……吗?(反问式请求)

题13|if you must know:must固定表达

题干(课堂转写)

Who is the girl standing over there? —Well, if you … know, her name is Mabel.

解题关键

  • 语气是“如果你一定/非要知道的话”。

答案: must(课堂口径:选“C”,即“if you must know”)


题14|shall:正式规定/法律语体

题干(课堂转写)

The interest … be divided into 5 parts according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge.

词汇点

  • interest 除“兴趣”外,还可指“利息/利益”。
  • agreement 协议。
  • declared the judge 法官宣布。

解题关键

  • 通过 judge / agreement / declared 等词判断:语体非常正式(法律/条文/宣告)。
  • 正式规定/命令常用 shall

答案: shall(课堂口径:选“4D”)


题15|must:规定/必须(客观要求)

题干(课堂转写)

Children under 12 years of age in that country … be under adult supervision when in a public library.

词汇点

  • adult supervision 成年人监护/监督。

解题关键

  • 这是“规定/必须”的客观要求。
  • need 太主观;选 must

答案: must(课堂口径:选“A”)


题16|can't:否定推断(区分mustn't)

题干(课堂转写)

Isn't that Anne's husband over there? —No, it … be him. I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.

解题关键

  • 否定推断:不可能是他。
  • must not 不能表示“推断的一定不”,它是“禁止”。

答案: can't(课堂口径:选“A”)


题17|can:功能/能力(定义句)

题干(课堂转写)

A left luggage office is a place where bags … be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

词汇点

  • left luggage office 行李寄存处。
  • railway station 火车站。

解题关键

  • 句子强调“能力/功能”:包可以被暂存。

答案: can(课堂口径:选“B”)


题18|can:能力质疑(How can...?)

题干(课堂转写)

How come you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

解题关键

  • 仍是“能力”提问:你怎么能说你理解了全部?

答案: can(课堂口径:选“A”)


题19|should:按理/合理推测

题干(课堂转写)

Is John coming by train? He … , but he is not. He likes driving his car.

解题关键

  • 语气是推测:“他应该(按理)坐火车来,但他喜欢开车,所以可能没坐火车”。

答案: should(课堂口径:选“C”)


题20|shall:公告/规定用法

题干(课堂转写)

It has been announced that candidates … remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

场景:考试收卷公告。

解题关键

  • 公告/规定语体:shall

答案: shall(课堂口径:选“4D”)


题21|虚拟语气:对过去 if + had done(虚拟语气:课堂“简单带过”)

题干(课堂转写)

It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I … in love at the age of 7 with the library in my hometown.

解题关键

  • at the age of 7 指过去 → 对过去虚拟:if + had done

答案: had not fallen(课堂口径:选“B”)


题22|shouldn't have done:过去本不该却做了

题干(课堂转写)

I was really anxious about you. You … without a word.

解题关键

  • shouldn't have done:过去本不该做却做了。

答案: shouldn't have left(课堂口径:选“B”)


题23|might:不确定的可能

题干(课堂转写)

Are you coming to Jeff's party? —I'm not sure. I … go to the concert instead.

解题关键

  • “不确定” → 可能:might

答案: might


题24|can't:不能(客观原因)

题干(课堂转写)

Will you stay for lunch? —Sorry, … . My brother is coming to see me.

解题关键

  • 语境是“不能留下”。

答案: can't(课堂口径:选“B”)


题25|could have done:过去本可以未做

题干(课堂转写)

I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Did you? You … with Barbara.

解题关键

  • could have done:过去本可以……但没……(所以才住酒店)。

答案: could have stayed(课堂口径:选“A”)


题26|should:对将来时间的预计

题干(课堂转写)

When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They … be ready by 12.

解题关键

  • 对将来时间点的合理判断:should be ready

答案: should(课堂口径:选“B”)


题27|was able to:一次性成功做到

题干(课堂转写)

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone … get out.

词汇点

  • spread 蔓延。
  • was able to 强调“这一次成功做到了”(一次性成功的能力体现)。

解题关键

  • 这里更像描述事实结果:最终都成功出来了 → was able to

答案: was able to(课堂口径:选“4D”)


题28|mustn't:禁止/不准

题干(课堂转写)

Joanie, you … play with (a) knife. You … hurt yourself.

解题关键

  • 明确“禁止”:不准玩刀。

答案: mustn't(课堂口径:选“B”)


题29|虚拟语气:对过去 if + had done(虚拟语气)

题干(课堂转写)

You didn't let me drive. If we … (take turns), you … so tired.

解题关键

  • didn't 指过去事实 → 对过去虚拟:if + had done

答案: had driven(课堂口径:选“4D”)


题30|虚拟语气:as if + were(对现在虚拟)(虚拟语气)

题干(课堂转写)

When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it … broken.

解题关键

  • 一般现象/对现在虚拟:as if + were(课堂口径)。

答案: were(课堂口径:选“C”:it were broken


题31|couldn't have been:对过去否定推测

题干(课堂转写)

There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It … a comfortable journey.

词汇点

  • manage to do 设法做成某事。

解题关键

  • 对过去推断的否定:不可能很舒服。

答案: couldn't have been(课堂口径:选“4D”)


题32|should:临近时间的推测

题干(课堂转写)

It's nearly 7 o'clock. Jack … be here at any moment.

解题关键

  • 合理推测:应该随时到。

答案: should(课堂口径:选“C”)


题33|Shall I...? 常用回答:needn't

题干(课堂转写)

Shall I tell Joan about it? —No, you … .

课堂强调

  • Shall I ...? 的常见回答:You needn't.(固定搭配口径)

答案: needn't(课堂口径:选“A”)


题34|should have done:过去本该未做

题干(课堂转写)

I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I … for her.

解题关键

  • 语境是“本该写下来但没写”。

答案: should have written(课堂口径:选“C”)


题35|虚拟语气:had done ↔ would have done(虚拟语气)

题干(课堂转写)

I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she … , she would have met my brother.

解题关键

  • 出现 would have done → 对过去虚拟:从句用 had done

答案: had come(课堂口径:选“C”)


四、这套题最值得背下来的“口径”

  1. must have done:对过去的强推测(题1)。
  2. can't be / can't have done:否定推测 = 不可能(题2/16/31)。
  3. mustn't:一律优先记作“禁止/不准”,不要当成“一定不”(题2/16/28反复强调)。
  4. should have done / shouldn't have done:本该未做 / 本不该却做(题4/10/22/34)。
  5. needn't:不必(题6/33)。
  6. shall
    • 口语警告(题8);
    • 正式规定/条文/公告(题14/20)。
  7. 否定词置前倒装Nowhere/never... + can/could + 主语 + 动词(题11)。
  8. 做题技巧:选项里出现两个“几乎同义同用”的(如 mightcould),要警惕它们是干扰项(题5/7)。

五、结语

以上就是第11章课后练习(1—35题)的课堂精讲整理。建议复习时按“功能”而不是按“单词”背:先把推测时间线(现在/过去)should/could have donemustn't vs can'tshall 的正式用法这几条主线吃透,再刷题会非常快。

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