被动语态习题课堂笔记（按题串讲版：每题对应知识点）
本版按课堂讲题顺序（1–20）整理：题目原文 → 考点（知识点标签）→ 触发词/抓手 → 课堂式推理（语态+时态/标志词/句意）→ 答案。
课堂核心口径（老师结尾总结）：
- 被动语态题先翻译，看中文是否缺“被”；能翻成“被……”，优先被动。
- 真正难点往往在时态：找标志词（for / at present / last Sunday / just now / in the past decades / next week / 具体年月日……）。
01. is expected：无标志词时优先一般现在（被动）
题目：A new function of China's official train ticket booking website ______ to boost buyers' chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush.
- A. will be expected
- B. expects
- C. has been expected
- D. is expected
考点（知识点标签）：被动语态 be + done；无明显标志词时态优先一般现在；词汇 boost（促进/提高）。
一眼抓手：function 是“被期待”还是“主动期待”？句子无 for/since/now/next week 等明确时态标志。
课堂式推理：
- 语态：功能不可能“主动期待”，而是“被人们期待” → 选被动（排除 B expects）。
- 时态：A 将来被动、C 现在完成被动、D 一般现在被动。题干没有强调“将来才期待”或“已经期待很久”，所以按课堂口径：没有标志词时优先一般现在。
答案：D（is expected）
02. hasn't been cleaned：for + 时间段 → 现在完成 + 被动
题目：— The window is dirty.
— I know. It ______ for weeks.
- A. hasn't cleaned
- B. didn't clean
- C. wasn't cleaned
- D. hasn't been cleaned
考点：for + 一段时间 → 现在完成；window 只能“被清洁”→ 被动；现在完成被动 has/have been done。
一眼抓手：for weeks。
课堂式推理：
- for weeks 明确指向现在完成，先排除一般过去（B/C）。
- it 指代 window，窗户不能主动 clean → 必须被动。
答案：D（hasn't been cleaned）
03. are being exhibited：at present → 现在进行（被动）
题目：Many artifacts ______ for the first time in the National Museum at present.
- A. were exhibited
- B. were being exhibited
- C. are being exhibited
- D. are exhibited
考点：at present → 现在进行；被动进行 am/is/are being done；词汇 artifact（文物/人工制品）。
一眼抓手：at present（目前/现在）。
课堂式推理：
- 标志词 at present “定死”现在进行。
- artifacts “被展出”→ 被动。
- 现在进行被动 → are being exhibited。
答案：C
04. would not be polluted：错综虚拟 + 被动
题目：If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river ______ so seriously now.
- A. is not polluted
- B. would not be polluted
- C. had not been polluted
- D. would not have been polluted
考点：虚拟语气（错综条件句）；从句 had taken（对过去虚拟），主句 now（对现在虚拟）；被动 be polluted。
一眼抓手：从句 had taken（过去完成）+ 主句 now。
课堂式推理：
- 从句对过去虚拟（had taken），但主句出现 now → 主句要对现在虚拟。
- 对现在虚拟：
would do；河流“被污染”→ 被动：would be polluted；语义是否定 → would not be polluted。
答案：B
05. was held：by + last Sunday → 一般过去被动
题目：— Do you know why a meeting ______ by the middle school teachers last Sunday?
— To demand smaller classes of no more than 25 to 30 students in each class.
- A. was held
- B. had been held
- C. has held
- D. held
考点：by 明示被动；last Sunday → 一般过去；会议“被召开”→ was held。
一眼抓手：by… + last Sunday。
课堂式推理：
- by 表明被动，先排除主动（C/D）。
- last Sunday 是一般过去标志，排除过去完成（B）。
答案：A
06. was announced：具体过去时间 + 被动
题目：The plan for Xiong'an New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017.
- A. announced
- B. was announced
- C. announces
- D. is announced
考点：具体日期（过去）→ 一般过去；plan “被宣布”→ 被动。
一眼抓手：on April 1, 2017（明确过去时间）。
课堂式推理：
- 具体过去时间 → 一般过去，排除一般现在（C/D）。
- plan 不能主动宣布自己 → 被动。
答案：B
07. were being painted：过去时间点 + 被动进行
题目：When I got to his house, I found that the walls ______.
- A. are being painted
- B. are painting
- C. were being painted
- D. were painting
考点：got / found（过去）→ 描述过去时点正在发生；walls “被刷漆”→ 被动；过去进行被动 was/were being done。
一眼抓手：got / found（过去）+ walls（被刷）。
课堂式推理：
- 语态先定：walls 必然“被粉刷”。排除主动（B/D）。
- 事件发生在过去（got/found），所以要用过去进行被动而不是现在进行被动。
答案：C
08. might have been stuck：推测 + be stuck in（固定搭配，本身被动）
题目：— I wonder why Robert hasn't shown up at the interview yet. It's a pity if he missed.
— I'm not sure, but he ______ in a traffic jam riding here.
- A. could stuck
- B. should stuck
- C. must have stuck
- D. might have been stuck
考点：be stuck in（被困在……，固定搭配，自带被动含义）；情态动词推测 + 完成式；结构 might have been + adj/pp。
一眼抓手：stuck in + I'm not sure（不确定推测）。
课堂式推理：
- 先抓词组：be stuck in（被困在）。
- 句子是推测（I'm not sure），且描述“可能已经被困住了”→ 情态 + 完成式。
- 选项里只有 D 同时满足：情态推测 + 完成 + 被动结构。
答案：D
09. is being built：Not yet → 现在正在建（被动进行）
题目：— Have you moved into the new house?
— Not yet. It ______.
- A. has been built
- B. was built
- C. is being built
- D. had been built
考点：对话语境（Not yet）→ 现在未完成且进行中；被动进行 is being built。
一眼抓手：Not yet（还没有搬进去）→ 房子还没建好。
课堂式推理：
- “还没搬进去”说明现在房子还在建。
- 用现在进行被动强调“正在被建”。
答案：C
10. have been made：in the past decades → 现在完成被动
题目：Various efforts ______ in the past decades to protect the environment.
- A. had made
- B. have made
- C. were made
- D. have been made
考点：in the past / in the last + 时间段 → 现在完成；efforts “被做出”→ 被动；现在完成被动。
一眼抓手：in the past decades。
课堂式推理：
- 语态：efforts 不是主动做别的事，而是“努力被做出来” → 被动（排除 A/B）。
- 标志词 in the past decades（过去这些年里一直到现在）→ 现在完成。
答案：D
11. is expected：expect 本身含“对将来预期”，不必用将来时
题目：— Have you telephoned your father?
— Yes, he ______ to be back next week.
- A. is expected
- B. expects
- C. will expect
- D. will be expected
考点：be expected to do（被预计/被期待做某事）；next week 虽是将来时间，但 expect 本身就是“预期将来”；无须再用将来时。
一眼抓手：expected + next week。
课堂式推理：
- 语态：父亲是“被预计下周回来”→ 被动，排除 B/C。
- 时态：老师强调：expect 已经自带“将来会发生”的语义，所以用一般现在即可，不必 will。
答案：A
12. was being interviewed：just now + 过去时点正在发生（被动进行）
题目：— Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in the office just now?
— Yes, he ______, and he looked a little bit nervous.
- A. had interviewed
- B. was interviewed
- C. was being interviewed
- D. is being interviewing
考点：just now → 一般过去；“我看到他时正在……”→ 过去进行；被采访 → 被动；过去进行被动。
一眼抓手：did you see… just now + he looked…（过去） + “看到时正在被采访”。
课堂式推理：
- 时态：just now 明确过去，排除 D。
- 语态：interviewed 需被动（排除 A）。
- B（一般过去被动） vs C（过去进行被动）：语义是“我看到他的那一刻，他正在接受采访”→ 进行更贴合。
答案：C
13. was to blame：固定搭配 be to blame（主动表被动）+ 强调句
题目：It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ______ for the death of so many innocent people.
- A. are blamed
- B. was to blame
- C. was blamed
- D. were to blame
考点：强调句 It was ... that ...；固定搭配 be to blame（该受责备/应归咎于，主动形式含被动意义）。
一眼抓手：blame + 课堂提到的固定搭配 be to blame。
课堂式推理：
- 先认句型：强调句，实际主语是 natural disaster。
- 再认搭配：这里考的是 be to blame 而不是 be blamed。
- 主语 natural disaster 单数 → was。
答案：B
14. has been held：This is the third time that… → 现在完成（被动）
题目：This is the third time that such a festival ______ in my hometown.
- A. is held
- B. has been held
- C. will be held
- D. had been held
考点：This is the first/second/third time that… → 从句用现在完成；festival “被举办”→ 被动。
一眼抓手：This is the third time。
课堂式推理：
- 标志结构直接锁定现在完成。
- festival “被举办”→ has been held。
答案：B
15. are being constructed：at present + 复数主语（被动进行）
题目：Many subway stations, including the one near our school, ______ at present for a better transport in the city.
- A. are constructing
- B. are being constructed
- C. is constructing
- D. is being constructed
考点：at present → 现在进行；construct “建造”→ 被动；主语 many stations 复数 → are。
一眼抓手：at present + many subway stations（复数）。
课堂式推理：
- 时态：at present → 进行。
- 语态：站点是“被建造”。
- 主谓：many stations → are。
答案：B
16. could have been avoided：对过去虚拟 + 完成式被动
题目：The accident which left 15 people on board dead ______ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.
- A. should have avoided
- B. should be avoided
- C. could have avoided
- D. could have been avoided
考点：虚拟语气（对过去的虚拟：if + had done）；事故“被避免”→ 被动；情态 + 完成式：could have done / could have been done。
一眼抓手：if … had kept calm（对过去虚拟）。
课堂式推理：
- if 从句 had kept → 过去虚拟，主句应是“本来可以……”→ could have…
- accident 不能主动 avoid（需要 someone avoid it），这里表达“事故本可以被避免” → could have been avoided。
答案：D
17. were treated：the way + 从句缺被动（宾馆被对待的方式）
题目：The way the guests ______ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.
- A. treated
- B. were treated
- C. would treat
- D. would be treated
考点：被动；定语从句简化（the way (that) …）；无过去将来标志时不选 would。
一眼抓手：guests 在酒店是“被对待”。
课堂式推理：
- 语态：guests 被对待 → 被动，排除 A/C。
- 时态：句子叙述影响（influenced）在过去，一般过去更自然；没有“过去将来”的标志，不选 would be treated。
答案：B
18. has been dismissed：more than one + 单数名词 → 谓语单数 + 被动
题目：More than one worker ______ dismissed.
- A. have been
- B. are
- C. has been
- D. has
考点：被动；主谓一致：more than one + 单数名词 → 谓语用单数；dismiss（解雇）。
一眼抓手：more than one worker（形式单数）+ dismissed（需要 be done）。
课堂式推理：
- worker 是“被解雇”，需要 has been dismissed。
- more than one + 单数名词 → 用单数 has。
- D has 缺被动结构，排除。
答案：C
19. must be looked after：情态动词被动（must be done）+ 词组替换
题目：The old man was weak after the accident; so he ______ carefully by us.
- A. must be take care of
- B. must take care of
- C. must look after
- D. must be looked after
考点：by us → 被动；情态动词被动：must be done；take care of = look after。
一眼抓手：by us。
课堂式推理：
- by us 明确被动。
- A 想用被动但过去分词错（应 taken care of）。
- B/C 是主动。
- 正确结构：must be looked after。
答案：D
20. are told to：tell sb to do… 省略不省 to
题目：Please don't stand up in class until you ______.
- A. were told to
- B. are told
- C. are told to
- D. were told
考点：until 引导时间/条件；现在语境（指令/提醒）→ 一般现在；tell sb to do sth → 被动 be told to do；省略 stand up 但 to 不能省。
一眼抓手：句子是课堂指令（现在）+ told 后面需要 to。
课堂式推理：
- 语境是现在发指令，排除一般过去（A/D）。
- told 后面若省略 stand up，应保留 to：until you are told (to stand up)。
答案：C
一页总复盘（老师的“拿分口诀”）
- 先语态：翻译是否缺“被”？缺就上
be + done。 - 再时态：看标志词——
for + 时间段→ 现在完成at present→ 进行last Sunday / just now / 具体日期→ 一般过去in the past/last + 时间段→ 现在完成This is the third time that…→ 现在完成
- 固定搭配要背牢：
be stuck in（被困在）be to blame（该归咎于/应受责备）be expected to do（被预计……）be told to do（被告知要做……，to 不可省）
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